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BOILER MOUNTINGS AND ACCESSORIES: TYPES, AND THEIR WORKING

Boiler mountings and accessories are required for the proper and satisfactory functioning of the steam boilers.

Boiler Mountings and Accessories

The boiler mountings are fittings which are mounted on the boiler for its proper functioning. Mountings are water level indicator, safety valve, pressure gauge, etc. It may be noted that a boiler cannot function safely without the mountings. The boiler accessories are the devices, which form an integral part of a boiler but are not mounted on it. They include superheater, economiser, feed pump etc. It may be noted the accessories help in controlling and running the boiler efficiently.

Boiler Mountings

Following are the important boiler mountings:

1.Water level indicator
2. Pressure gauge
3.Safety valve
4. Stop valve
5. Blow off
6.Feed check valve

Water Level Indicator

It is an main fitting in the boiler, Water level indicator indicates the water level inside the boiler. It is a safety device upon which safe working of the boiler depends.

Working Principle

Water-tube indicator the water consists of a vertical hard glass tube G which is fitted with two gunmetal tubes A and B. The tubes A connects the steam space of the boiler with the glass tube and the tube B connects the water space of the boiler with the glass tube. The tube A is provided with a valve ‘S’, called a steam valve, and tube B is fitted with another valve ‘W’, called a water valve. In addition to these valves, a third valveD, called drain valve, is fitted to the water level indicator through which water together with condensed steam from the gunmetal tube A is drained from time to time.

Pressure Gauge

Pressure gauges are used to measure the pressure of steam inside a steam boiler. The pressure gauge is fixed in front of a steam boiler.

Working Principle

The pressure gauge shown in fig is bourdon pressure gauge. It consists of a circular spring tube A. One end of the bourdon tube is closed and connected to a link L and the other end is sequared to a Hollow block B. The link L connects the closed end of the tube to the toothed sector C which is hinged at O. The toothed sector gears with pinion D which carries a pointer P. The pointer moves on a dial graduated in pressure units.

Safety valves

These are the devices attached in the steam boiler for preventing explosions due to excessive internal pressure of steam.The safety valve is an instrument which prevents the boiler pressure from rising above its normal working pressure by automatically opening when the boiler pressure exceeds the normal working pressure, Thus allowing excess steam to escape into the atmosphere until the pressure comes down to its normal valve. Thus, a safety valve ensures safety to a boiler from being damaged due to excessive steam pressure.

The safety valves commonly used are:

1.Deadweight safety valve,
2.Lever safety valve,
3. Spring-loaded safety valve,

Steam stop valve

The function of a stop valve is to control the flow of the steam from within the boiler and to stop it completely when required. A stop valve or junction valve is used to regulate the flow of steam from the boiler.

The valves mounted on the boilers, which change the direction of flow of steam by 90° are called junction valves, while valves fitted in pipelines which allowing the steam in the same direction are called stop valve.

Blow-off Valve

The function of a blow-off valve is to remove periodically the sediments deposited at the bottom of the boiler while the boiler is in operation and to empty the boiler while it is being cleaned or inspected. Blow off Valve or Cock - Boiler Mountings and Accessories When the blow-off valve is opened the water which is under the pressure of steam, rushes out with tremendous velocity thus carrying out the sediments along with it.

Feed Check Valve

When the level of water in the boiler falls, it is brought back to the specified level by supplying the additional water called feed water. The pressure inside the boiler will be high therefore the pressure of the feed water has to be raised by a pump before it is fed into the boiler. The feed water under high pressure is fed into the boiler through the feed check valve. The function of a feed check valve is to control the flow of water from the feed pump to the boiler and to prevent the backflow of water from the boiler to the pump when the pump pressure is less than the pressure or when the feed pump ceases to work. Evidently feed check valve is placed at the boiler end of the delivery pipe of the feed pump.

Fusible Plug

The plug is made up of tin or leads alloy, which has a low melting point. The function of the fusible plug is to put-off the fire in the furnace of the boiler when the water level falls below an unsafe level and thus avoids the explosion, which may take place due to overheating of the tubes and the shell. It is fitted over the crown of the furnace or the combustion chamber

Anatomy of the universe

The anatomy of univers:-

In this blog we talk about "The universe" beyond human limits, beyond human imagination, beyond we think. What did actually made to universe exists?

The universe contains everything that exists,

From the Galatiac superclusters (large substance known) to  small initial subatomic particles. 

Image:- Galaxies

Image:- solar system.

No-one knows how huge, large, big this univers is,but thanks to our astonomers, there great effect established that it contains at least 125 billion galaxies, each comprising  an average of 100 billion starts.

Image:- starts.

Then let's have a brief look at our universe.

The most widely accepted theory among the all established theorys , about birth of our universe. which States that the universe initially consisted of a very hot,dense fireball of expanding, cooling gas,and the universe came into its existence by a explosion-" the Big Bang-"according to the our scientists and astronomers, that that took place between 10 to 20 billion years ago.

What after Big Bang explosion?

The universe initially contains with the a very hot,dense fireball of expanding, cooling gas. After about 1 million years, the gas began to condense into localised clumps called protogalaxies. During the next five billion years , the protogalaxies continued condensing, forming galaxies in which starts were being born. Today still Today the universe has been expanding , billions of years later. In which the Star wher being born .The universe as a whole is still expanding, although there are locations in which the object are held together by means of gravity or gravitational force; for example galaxies are bound with there starts and plants.and solar system where found in clusters.

The Big Bang theory is supported by the discovery of faint,cool background radiation coming from eventually all the directions. This radiation is believed to be the remnant of the radiation produced by Big Bang. Small"ripples" in the temperature of the cosmic background radiation are throughout to be evidence of slight fluctuations are in the density of the early universe, which resulted in the formation of galaxies. Astonomers do yet if the universe is"closed",

Which means it will eventually Stop expanding and begin to contract, or if it is"open", which means it will continue expanding forever.

 

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Why do I have a heart, lungs,a stomach, blood?

Here is an answer for questions like why do we have a heart? Why do we have a stomach? Why do we have skeleton?

1.Why do we have a Heart?

Image:-Human Heart

The simplist answer is heart act or work as engine to any animal body and its main duty to pump or circulata the blood to everyone cell of animal body.

2. Why do we have blood in our body?

Image:-blood

The simplist answer , blood is a mixture of special cell and liquid "plasma",and it deliveres all the good stuff lik oxygen, vitamins, minerals, and chemical call hormones to the every cell of animal body and carries away all the bad unwanted stuff lik carbon dioxide and other weast.

In this blood Red blood cells transport the oxygen,  while white blood cell fight infection

3.why do we have skin?

The simplist answer is the skin holds our insides in and protect our body tissues from ultra-violatet radiation from the the atmosphere. The skin is animals bodys largest organ.

4.why do we have stomach and intestines?

The simplist answer is stomach is an organ of a animals body and Stores every thing you eat and starts breking down food with powerful acids.

The bulk of food digestion takes place in our small and large intestines,two tubes that absorb all the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients From everything you eat.

5.why We have a liver and kidneys?

Image:-kidney

Image:-liver

The simplist answer is our body's biggest internal organ, the liver is like a complex chemical-processing plant.it converts the small intestine into fule our body can use. It makes bile ,an essential substance for digestion. It cleans your blood of toxin and removes damaged red blood cells.

Kidneys, this bean shaped organ is zo essential to good health that your body comes with a second one for free! Each kidneys is crammed with more than million microscopic filters-called nephrons- that skim the wast chemicals and other gunk From your blood. 

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